Thyroid Disorders

The thyroid gland helps control metabolism, energy level, and body temperature. Disorders occur when the gland becomes underactive, overactive, enlarged, develops nodules, or forms cancer.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid does not produce enough hormone. Symptoms can include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, and feeling cold. Treatment involves daily thyroid hormone replacement.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces too much hormone. Symptoms may include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, tremors, and heat intolerance. Treatment options may include medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery.

Goiter

A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland that may be visible in the neck. Evaluation includes blood tests and thyroid ultrasound. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and symptoms.

Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules are common and usually noncancerous. Ultrasound and, when necessary, biopsy help determine whether a nodule requires monitoring or surgical treatment.

Thyroid Cancer

Most thyroid cancers are slow growing and highly treatable. Diagnosis typically involves ultrasound and biopsy. Treatment usually includes surgery, with radioactive iodine used in certain cases.